Prehistory and protohistory
- 청동기 * 철기 문화
- The Slavic tribes who would form Poland migrated to these areas in the second half of the 5th century AD
- Mieszko's state/ 966년 기독교로 개종
- 중세에는 영토의 분할과 재통합이 있었고, 몽고의 침입도 받음.
- Casimir III (reigned 1333–70) : the only Polish king to receive the title of Great. He built extensively during his reign, and reformed the Polish army along with the country's civil and criminal laws,
Jagiellon dynasty (1386–1572)
- the Polish–Lithuanian union.
- "Golden Liberty" (1505- ) - 권력이 왕으로부터 귀족(의회)으로 넘어간 기간.
- Protestant Reformation movements made deep inroads into Polish Christianity, which resulted in the establishment of policies promoting religious tolerance, unique in Europe at that time (종교 개혁과 그에 따른 종교적 관용은 유럽 다른 국가에서는 보기 힘든 일)
- 코페르니쿠스 : 폴란드 인
Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth (1569-1795)
- In 1611, the Tsar of Russia paid homage to the King of Poland. (폴란드가 러시아와의 전쟁에서 승리하고 모스크바를 점령하기도 함.)
- 17세기 중반부터 세력이 약화됨
Partitions
- Stanisław II Augustus, the last King of Poland, ascended to the throne in 1764 and reigned until his abdication on 25 November 1795.
[이 왕 이후로 3국 분할. 1918년이 되어서야 독립. 백오십 년 가까이 식민지로 남아 있었음]
- in 1772 the First Partition of the Commonwealth by Prussia, Russia and Austria took place
- The Great Sejm convened by Stanisław II August in 1788 successfully adopted the 3 May Constitution, the first set of modern supreme national laws in Europe. (헌법을 채택)
- 러시아와의 전쟁에서(1792) 왕은 일찍 항복. 이길 가능성이 없음.
- 1795년 세 번 째의 3국 분할로 폴란드는 사라짐.
- (삼국 분할의 결과) The eastern part was ruled by the Russian tsar as Congress Poland, which had a very liberal constitution. However, over time the Russian monarch reduced Polish freedoms, and Russia annexed the country in virtually all but name. Meanwhile, the Prussian controlled territory of Poland came under increased Germanization. Thus, in the 19th century, only Austrian-ruled Galicia, and particularly the Free City of Kraków, allowed free Polish culture to flourish.
- 18세기 내내 여러 번에 걸쳐 독립을 위한 항쟁이 있었지만 모두 실패로 돌아감. (1863년의 봉기가 마지막 대규모 봉기)
Reconstruction (1918–39)
- Shortly after the armistice with Germany in November 1918, Poland regained its independence as the Second Polish Republic
- Polish–Soviet War (1919–21)
World War II
- 2차 세계 대전은 독일이 폴란드를 침공한 것과 함께 시작되었는데, 동쪽은 또 소련의 침공을 받았다.
- Of all the countries in the war, Poland lost the highest percentage of its citizens: over 6 million perished – nearly one-fifth of Poland's population – half of them Polish Jews
Post-war communism (-1989)
- The Soviet Union instituted a new communist government in Poland, analogous to much of the rest of the Eastern Bloc
- 바웬사 집권
1990s to present
- 비행기 추락 사고로 대통령 죽음 2010년