헨리 모튼 스탠리 (Henry Morton Stanley) [1841-1904]. Wiki

Mapping the central African Lakes and navigating the Congo River

-1874. In 1874, the New York Herald and Britain's Daily Telegraph financed Stanley on another expedition to Africa. His objective was nothing less than to complete the exploration and mapping of the central African lakes and rivers, in the process circumnavigating Lakes Victoria and Tanganyika and locating the source of the Nile.

-  Between November 1876 and August 1877, Stanley and his men navigated the Lualaba up to and beyond the point where it turned sharply westward, away from the Nile, identifying itself as the Congo River

- 콩고 강을 여행해 Boma에 도착 (1877. 8. 9)  

-  Professor James Newman has written that "establishing the connection between the Lualaba and Congo Rivers and locating the source of the Victoria Nile" justified him (Newman) in stating that: "In terms of exploration and discovery as defined in nineteenth-century Europe, he (Stanley) clearly stands at the top."

Claiming the Congo for the Belgian king (1876-1885)

- International African Association

- Before Stanley arrived on the Congo, he had been told that the purpose of his mission was to construct a series of trading stations in order to open the Congo to international trade, but, in fact, Leopold secretly meant to carve out an entire nation.

- 레오폴의 계획

"It is a question of creating a new State, as big as possible, and of running it. It is clearly understood that in this project there is no question of granting the slightest political power to the negros. That would be absurd." (The History of Congo에 나온다고 함. 찾아볼 것)

- In October 1882, Leopold wrote angrily to Strauch: 'The terms of the treaties Stanley has made with native chiefs do not satisfy me. There must at least be an added article to the effect that they delegate to us their sovereign rights ... the treaties must be as brief as possible and in a couple of articles must grant us everything.'

- 스탠리가 추장들로부터 받아낸 원래 조약은 "교역을 할 수 있는 땅을 임대(rental agreements)하는 것. 

- no Belgian officer was entitled to treat the Congolese 'as though they were conquered subjects ... This is all wrong. They are subjects - but it is we who are simply tenants.'

[여기서 보여지는 스탠리의 이미지는 식민주의자라기보다는 오히려 원주민을 존중하는 그런 것이다.]