A. Wilmot - Monomotapa. [1896]

Introductory Note

vIi) The great Zimbabwe ruins have been specially
brought to public notice almost simultaneously
with the conquest of the country in which
they are situated, and a natural desire has
arisen to read the riddle of this South African
sphynx.

vii)  It is desirable also to discover all
possible traces of the history of the wonderful
country of Monomotapa, the Ophir of King
Solomon, and the land which is marked " rich in gold " in maps of the sixteenth and
seventeenth centuries.

viii)  The British South
Africa Company,

Preface - Haggard

xiii) Southeen and South Central Africa has been
named the country without a past. Till within
recent years its untravelled expanses were
supposed from the beginning to have harboured nothing but wild beasts and black men

almost as wild, who for ages without number
had pursued their path of destruction as they rolled southward from the human reservoir of
the north, each wave of them submerging that
which preceded it.

xiii) Baines, and other travellers now dead,
reported the existence of great ruins in the territories known as Matabele and Mashona
Lands, and on the banks of tributaries of the
Zambesi River, which from their construction
must have been built by a race of civilised
men ; and in 1871 Herr Mauch re-discovered
the fortress-temple of Zimbabwe, that now,
as in the time of the early Portuguese, was
said to be nothing less than the site of one
of the ancient Ophirs.
xv) In 1891, after the occupation of Mashonaland by the Chartered Company of British
South Africa, Mr. Bent, the learned explorer,
visited the ruins of Zimbabwe and proved to
the satisfaction of most archaeologists that
they are undoubtedly of Phoenician origin.
There are the massive and familiar Phoenician
walls, there the sacred birds, figured, how
ever, not as the dove of Cypris but as the
vulture of her Sidonian representative, As
tarte, and there, in plenty, the primitive and
unpleasing objects of Nature-worship, which
in this shape or that are present wherever
the Phoenician reared his shrines. There also
stands the great building, half temple, half
fortress, containing the sacred cone in its
inner court, as at Paphos, Byblos, and
Emesus. It is now ascertained moreover that within the walls of this temple men did not
only celebrate their cruel and licentious rites,
they also carried on their trade of gold
smelting. Here have been found crucibles and
moulds for the refined metal and stones upon
which it was burnished ; indeed, the traveller

has but to sift the soil to discover amongst it
beads and other objects of pure gold.

xvi) More
recently, as Mr. Wilmot mentions, another
discovery of worked gold has been made, all
of it showing traces of the skill of cunning
and civilised jewellers, and in several instances
ornamented with a deep incised pattern that
is new to me.

xvii)to discover an undisturbed burying-place of  the ancient inhabitants of Monomotapa

- But, although such testimony is lacking, the many
external evidences to which allusion has been
made force the student to conclude, with Mr.
Bent and Mr. Wilmot, that these buildings
must have been constructed and that the
neighbouring gold mines were worked by
Phoenicians, or by some race intimately con
nected with them, and impregnated with
their ideas of religion and architecture.

xviii) It was therefore
necessary that these adventurers, sojourning
in the midst of barbarous tribes, should build
themselves fortresses for their own protection,
as it was natural that in their exile they
should follow the rites and customs of their
fathers. Doubtless in time the race became much mixed, for the women of the community
must to a large extent have been supplied
from the native peoples ; but, as has been said and as is amply demonstrated in the fol
lowing pages, it seems clear that its origin and
characteristics were essentially Phoenician.

xxi) 이 왕국의 이야기가 콩고 왕국의 이야기와 겹치는 그런 느낌이다.

Father Silveira - 선교사로 Monomotapa에서 활동하다 왕에 의해 교살 당함.

Father Louis - 선교사. 왕에 반기를 듬. 새 왕을 기독교도로 개종.

xxiv) It is legitimate
to hope, it seems probable even, that in
centuries to come a town will once more
nestle beneath these grey and ancient ruins,
trading in gold as did that of the Phoenicians, but peopled by men of the Anglo-Saxon race.
With every modern student of history the
future inhabitants of that town and of the
surrounding territories, will be grateful to the
Hon. Mr. Wilmot, through whose research
such of its mediaeval records as remain to
our own day have been disinterred from the
forgotten archives of the Vatican and Lisbon
and given to the world in the pages of this
book.

Book I Phoenicia

1) Not only in South-eastern Africa have the
oldest mines in the world become the newest
gold fields, but it has devolved upon the
newest development of British Imperialism to
bring to light interesting monuments of one of
those ancient peoples of the world whose his
tory is almost lost in the distance of remote antiquity.

3)Under the auspices of the Royal Geographical
Society, the British Chartered Company, and
the British Association for the Advancement of
Science, Mr. Bent as an archaeologist has performed excellent pioneer work. He has found
sermons in the stones of colossal remains, or at
least texts from which valuable inferences can
be drawn, so as to guide us, by no uncertain 1 light, to a knowledge of the truth.

5) Mr. Bent proves that
these buildings were erected by people who
practised the nature worship of Phoenicia. on many stones the phallus is either realisti
cally or conventionally represented, while
numerous towers and pillars are of the same
character ; the birds (vultures or hawks)

represent Astarte, the female element in
Creation, and there are rosettes (emblems of
the Sun) used in the same way as on the
Phoenician sepulchral stela? in the British Museum.

7) The fragmentary lettering discovered on one
stone compares curiously with the proto
Arabian type of lettering used in the earlier
Sabsean inscriptions. The circles on the
birds also appear to have a line across, like
the fourth letter given as illustrating the
early Arabian alphabet. Soapstone cylinders
decorated with rings of knobs were discovered
exactly similar to Phoenician objects of the
same character found at Paphos in Cyprus.

8) 주 - Mr. Bent says (p. 182) : "In the adjoining cave we dug up an ingot mould of soapstone
of a curious shape, corresponding almost exactly to an ingot of tin found in Falmouth harbour which is now in the Truro museum, and a cast of which may be seen at the School of Mines in Jermyn Street.

9) In fact, South eastern Africa was an " Ophir ; " and he adds that, in his opinion, " The cumulative evidence
is greatly in favour of the golddiggers being
of Arabian origin, before the Sabseo-Himya
ritic period in all probability, who did work
for, and were brought closely into contact with, both Egypt and Phoenicia, penetrating to many
countries unknown to the rest of the world.*

-Knowing that the Zimbabwe forts of South
eastern Africa were erected by a Phoenician

people, one question which naturally arises is, What was their original form?

11) 페니키아 - We know that this great
maritime nation spread their sails over all
portions of the Mediterranean Sea. Not only
did they found Carthage in the north of Africa,
but placed colonies in Cyprus, Sicily, Malta,
and Sardinia.

21) Nauraghe

25페이지까지 읽음. 더 읽을 필요는 없을 듯.)