카렌 블릭센 - 아웃 오브 아프리카(Karen Blixen [Isak Dinesen] - Out of Africa). 1937.

[Time], 1963.

* Editors' Preface

xiv) her father had gone to the United States, 가죽 사냥꾼(fur trapper), 

- lived with the Indians and came to have the same high regard for them as his daughter was to have for the natives of Africa.

[아버지와 할아버지가 모두 글쓰기에 관심]

xv) 남편 - 헤밍웨이의 단편, The Short Happy Life of Francis Macomber의 등장인물.

xvii) When the chiefs came to talk they'd plant their spears like this, then step back and speak, in such great pride. I conuld speak Kikuyu and Swahili, oh, very well. For me Africa was a great passion, leaving it a great sorrow.

* Introduction

xix) A Passage to India

xxi) The British had only recently taken over the country, everything was new and experimental, and the few white settlers and government officials coming out from Europe were only beginning to discover that here on teh equator, perched five or six thousand feet above the sea, they were in possession of perhaps the loveliest and most promising region in the whoel African continent.

[1888-1962/ 영국 식민지/ Mau Mau uprising 1952-59]

xxi) These were the days of the big-game hunters and of the younger sons of rich families who came out from England hoping to make or squander a fortune in the new El Dorado where servants and laborers cost next to nothing to hire where you could forget the oppressive restrictions of Edwardian England and live the good rich sporting life of the safari, the club and the African farm.

xxii) Her approach to the Africans was well ahead of her time. She did not try to change them, she was neither a reformer nor an autocrat; she simply accepted them. She learned their language, she did what she could to help them in their interminable family disputes and disasters, she attended their births, marriage and deaths, and in return she got what she wanted: their labor, their confidence and their devotion. And when at last she returned to Denmark, she set down in this book what she had learned.

- The Africans we see here are not natives seen from a Western point of view, and they are not described with the indulgent, rather patronizing air which is the usual thing in colonial memoirs. They are individuals in their own right, having their own scheme of values, and if they believe in witchcraft, if they can will themselves to die, if they can go a little berserk at times and occasionally lapse into an exasperating and futile apathy, then that is not anything we should be angry or condescending about: it is their African-ness, and they have as much right to thier idiosyncrisies as anybody else. In short, she preserves their dignity--and it might well be that this question of dignity is at the very heart of the racial politics that have since bedeviled the African scene.  

I. Kamante and Lulu

1. The Ngong Farm

3) The views were immensely wide. Everything that you saw made for greatness and freedom, and unequlled nobility.

- The chief feature of the landscape, and of your life in it, was the air. Looking back on a sojourn in the African highlands, you are struck by your feeling of having lived for a time up in the air. The sky was rarely more than pale blue or violet, with a profusion of mighty, weightless, ever changing cloulds towering up and sailing on it, but it has a blue vigour in it, and at a short distance it painted the ranges of hills and the woods a fresh deep blue. In the middle of the day the air was alive over the land, like a flame burning; it scintillated, waved and shone like running water, mirrored and doubled all objects, and created great Fata Morgana. Up in this high air you breathed easily, drawing in a vital assurance and lightness of heart. In this highlands you woke up in the morning and thought: Here I am, where I ought to be.

6) 아프리카에서 머물던 마지막 시기에는 무차별적인 사냥으로 큰 동물들 다른 곳으로 도망.

8) When the plantation flowered in the beginning of the rains, it was a radiant sight, like a clould of chalk, in the mist and the drizzling rain, over six hundred acres of land.

9) 6천 에이커의 땅을 소유

11) I had a great respect for those Government Officials, who could get any work at all done in the little burning hot, inky rooms in which they were set.

13) The Indians of Nairobi dominated the big Native business quarter of the Bazaar, and the great Indian merchants had their little Villas just outside the town.

16) When you have caught the rhythm of Africa, you find that it is the same in all her music. What I learned from game of the country, was useful to me in my dealings with the Native People.

17) As for me, from my first weeks in Africa, I had flet a great affection for the Natives. It was a strong feeling that embraced all ages and both sexes.

[아버지가 미국 원주민들과 가까웠던 것. 아버지의 자살이 준 정신적 충격. 이런 것들이 그녀를 이해하는데 있어서 중요한 요인]

18) It was not easy to get to know the Natives. They were quick of hearing, and evanescent; if you frightened them they could withdraw into a world of their own, in a second, like the wild animals which at an abrupt movement from you are gone, --simply are not there. Until you knew a Native well, it was almost impossible to get a straight answer from him.

[원주민을 동물에 비유. 그런데 백인들도 동물에 비유하고 있음. 인간이 결국엔 동물의 일부임을 강조?

- When we really did break into the Natives' existence, they behaved like ants, when you poke a stick into their ant-hill; they wiped out the damage with unwearied energy, swiftly and silently,--as if obliterating an unseemly action.

19) pehaps they were, in life itself, within their own element, such as we can never be, like fishes in deep water which for the life of them cannot understand our fear of drowning. This assurance, this art of swimming, they had, I thought, because they had preserved a knowledge that was lost to us by our first parents; Africa, amonst the continents, will teach it to you: that God and the Devil are one, the majesty coeternal, not two uncreated but one uncreated, and the Natives neither confounded the persons nor divided the substance.

2. A Native Child (Kamante)

(27) the Church of Scotland / the French Roman Catholic Mission

(36) Nothing . . . could be more mysterious than this natural instinct in a Savage for our culinary art.

37) He had a great memory for recipes. He could not read, and he knew no English so that cookery-books were of no use to him, but he must have held all that he was ever taught stored up in his ungraceful head, according to some systematization of his own, which I should never know.

38) Kamante could have no idea as to how a dish of ours ought to taste, and he was, in spite of his conversion, and his connection with civilzation, at heart an arrant Kikuyu, rooted in the traditions of his tribe and in his faith in them, as in the only way of living worthy of a human being.

- Here even his intelligence sometimes failed him, and he came and offered me a Kikuyu delicacy, --a roasted sweet potato or a lump of sheep's fat,--as even a civilized dog, that has lived for a long time with people, will place a bone on the floor before you, as a present.

[Kamante를 개에 비유하고 있는데, 이것이 흑인을 비하하는 것이 아니라는 점. 인간 또한 동물이라는 점은 뒤로 가면서 분명히 드러난다.]

39) The Prince of Wales did me the great honour to come and dine at the farm, and to compliment me on a Cumberland Sauce. This is the only time that I have seen Kamante listening with deep interest when I repeated the praise of his cooking to him, for Natives have very great ideas of kings and like to talk about them.

3. The Savage in the Immigrant's House

46) 원주민 아이들이 블릭센의 집에 자주 찾아온 것. 특히 뻐꾸기 시계를 보러.

47) All Natives are masters in the art of the pause and thereby give perspective to a discussion.

51) The lack of prejudice in the Natives is a striking thing, for you expect to find dark taboos in the primitive people. It is due, I believe, to their acquaintance with a variety of races and tribes, and to the lively human intercourse that was brought upon East Africa, first by the old traders of ivory and slaves, and in our days by the settlers and big-game hunters. Nearly every Native, down to the little herdboys of the plains, has in his day stood face to face with a whole range of nations as different from one another, and to him, as a Sicilian to an Esquimo: Englishmen, Jews, Boers, Arabs, Somali Indians, Swaheli, Masa and Kavirond. As far as receptivity of ideas goes, the Native is more of a man of the world than the suburban or provincial settler or missionary, who has grown up in a uniform community and with a set of stable ideas. Much of the misunderstanding between the white people and the Natives arises from this fact.

53) The prestige of the Christian religion in Africa was weakened by the intolerance that the one Christian church showed towards the other.

55) Kikuyu - 시체를 만지는 것을 금기시.

4. A Gazelle (Lulu)

81) A white man who wanted to say a pretty thing to you would write: "I can never forget you." The African says: "We do not think of you, that you can ever forget us."

II. A Shooting Accident on the Farm

1. The Shooting Accident

96) A Kyama is an assembly of the Elders of a farm, which is authorized by the Government to settle the local differences amongst the Squatters.

100) The ideas of justice of Europe and Africa are not the same and those of the own world are unbearable to the other. To the African there is but one way of counterbalancing the catastrophes of existence, it shall be done by replacement; he does not look for the motive of an action.

104) When Natives name white men after animals,--the Fish, the Giraffe, the Fat Bull,--their minds run upon the lines of the old fables, and these white men, I believe, in their dark consciousness figure as both men and beasts.

106) 메뚜기떼에 의한 피해

121) 스와힐리어를 영어로 표기하는 방식이 도입. 백인들에 의해.

126) [소말리 인] They have a keen sense of gratitude and will also bear malice for ever. A benefict, like an offence or a slight, is written in stone in their hearts. They are severe Mohammedans and like all Mohammedans, have a moral code according to which they will judge you. With Somalis you can make or destroy your prestige within an hour.

5. A Kikuyu chief

140) Kinanjui - 영국 정부가 임명한 족장

145) 상아와 노예 무역이 아주 오래된 교역. 유럽인들이 들어오기 전 아랍인들과.

147) the Somali are a religious people, and the Masai have no religion whatever, nor the slightest interest in anything above thir earth.

147) The Masai . . . had never been slaves. They cannot be made slaves, they cannot even be put into prison. They die in prison if they are brought there, within three months. . . .

[마사이 부족은 속박을 못 견딤]

150) 키쿠유 족이 가장 중요하게 여기는 것 - a cow with a heifer calf at foot

III. Visitors to the Farm

157) Denys Finch-Hatton

159) During my last years in Africa, the Government forbade the people to put chalk on their head.

[지배인이 피지배인의 관습을 결정]

176) 여자들은 자기보다 신분이 낮은 부족의 남성과 결혼할 수 없음.

- while a Somali girl may marry into Arabia, an Arab girl cannot marry into Somaliland.

181) To the Native, service with the Somali and the Arab is less difficult than with the white people, for the tempo of life of the coloured races is everywhere the same. Farah's wife was popular with the Kikuyu of the farm, and Kamante many times told me that she was very clever.

212) [기술 문명의 발달이 유럽과 나머지 세계를 갈라 놓음]

- perhaps the white men of the past, indeed of any past, would have been in better understanding and sympathy with the coloured races than we, of our Industrial Age, shall ever be. When the first steam engine was constructed, the roads of the races of the world parted, and we have never found one another since.

213) 버클리가 소말리인을 때렸다가, 반격을 당한 일.

222) Denys taught me Latin, and to read the Bible, and the Greek poets. He himself knew great parts of the Old Testament by heart, and carried the Bible with him on all his journeys, which gained him the high esteem of the Mohammedans.

233) 비행기를 타고 날 때의 기분

- You have tremendous views as you get up above the African highlands, surprising combinations and changes of light and colouring, the rainbow on the green sunlit land, the gigantic upright clouds and big wild black storms, all swing round you in a race and a dance.

- the joy and glory of the flyer is the flight itself.

234) And now I understand everything.

240) Amongst the inventions of civilization which the Natives admire and appreciate are matches, a bicycle and a rifle, still they will drop these the moment there is any talk of a cow.

IV. From an Immigrant's Notebook

252) The Iguana - It was the live impetuous blood pulsating within the animal, which had radiated out all that glow and splendour. Now than the flame was put out, and the soul had flown, the Iguana was as dead as a sandbag.

254) Coloured people do not take sides in a tale, the interest to them lies in the ingeniousness of the plot itself;

260) The relation between the white and the black race in Africa in many ways resembles the relation between the two sexes.

[여성이기 때문에 원주민들이 당하는 차별이나 고통에 민감.]

273) in Africa rain is always longed for and welcomed.

[토토의 Africa에 나오는 가사를 이해하는데 도움. 특히 이 지역]

277) Many medical men could supprt him that the wish to die, in a Native, had actually caused death.

281) The Greater Hornbill - Black they all were, with the sweet, noble black of Africa, deep darkness absorbed through an age, like old soot, that makes you feel that for elegance, vigour and vivacity, no colour rivals black.

289) The modern white people in Africa believe in evolution and not in any sudden creatve act.

[아프리카가 유럽 문명의 발달의 경로를 밟을 것이라는 말인지. 이 부분 자세히 읽을 필요.]

300) a Belgian : Notre mission. Notre grande mission dans le Congo.

-(불어 부분)  흑인들을 가르치는 것도 일이어야 하지요. 그것만큼 훌륭한 일이 없지요. 그것만큼 훌륭한 일은 없어요. 절대로. 아무것도.

V. Farewell to the Farm

326) I only thought that I had never seen the country so lovely, as if the contemplation of it would in itself be enough to make you happy al your life. Light and shade shared the landscape between them; rainbows stood in teh sky.

367) The Natives cannot, according to the law, themselves buy any land, and there was not another farm that I knew of, big enough to take them on as squatters.

- It is more than their land that you take away from the people, whose Native land you take. It is their past as well, their roots and their identity.

370) The Government had agreed to give out a piece of the Dagoretti Forest Reserve to the squatters of my farm.

380) From there, to the South-West, I saw the Ngong Hills. The noble wave of the mountain rose above the surrounding flat land, all air-blue. But it was so far away that the four peaks looked trifling, hardly distinguishable, and different from the way they looked from the farm. The out line of the mountain was slowly smoothed and levelled out by the hands of distance.